Modeling of Suspended Particulate Matter during Early-winter Severe Pollution Episodes. (I): Development of an Emission Source Model.:Development of an Emission Source Model
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This paper describes the first survey on the sources of primary particles and the precursory gases of secondary particles that cause severe Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) pollution in the Kanto Plain, Japan, in early winter. The emissions of elemental carbon (EC), primary organic carbon (OC), primary sulfate (SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2-</SUP>), hydrogen chloride (HCl), ammonia (NH<SUB>3</SUB>), nitrogen oxides (NO<SUB>x</SUB>), sulfur dioxide (SO<SUB>2</SUB>), and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC<SUB>s</SUB>) were estimated in an area of 220×230 km (over the Kanto Plain) in 1994. The emission factors for EC and OC from mobile sources were estimated based on road-side measurements of emissions from automobiles. The emission source model for HCl was developed by assembling emission data from municipal waste incineration plants and industrial waste incineration plants. Livestock, fertilizer use, NO reduction facilities at power plants and municipal waste incineration plants, automobiles, human perspiration, and sewage treatment plants are all considered as sources of NH<SUB>3</SUB>. Emissions of NO<SUB>x</SUB>, SO<SUB>2</SUB>, and NMHC<SUB>s</SUB> were compiled based on a previously reported data set. The estimated total emission of elemental carbon in the Kanto Plain was-4 times that of the model region of South Coast Air Basin, USA, in the winter of 1980. Total emission of HCl in the Kanto Plain was estimated to be comparable to the emission of HCl from waste incineration in the U. K. in 1984. Estimated total emission of NH<SUB>3</SUB> may contain significant errors owing to the uncertainties in the emission factors adopted.
- 社団法人 大気環境学会の論文
社団法人 大気環境学会 | 論文
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