Ishibashi Tanzan's Liberalism and "Realism": The Analysis of His "Liberal Struggle":The frontier of International Relations 5
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This thesis picks up Ishibashi Tanzan (1884-1973), a Japanese leading liberalist in Meiji-Taisho era. He is known for "Little Japanism"—the idea that Japan should develop sorely by peaceful economic expansion in a world where the high degree of economic interdependence among nations had rendered territorial expansion obsolete. Researchers have praised his liberal worldview almost uncritically. However, his international theory which was based on the fundamental peacefulness of economic relations had some serious weaknesses. Confronted with Japanese immigration exclusion in the United States, Tanzan stressed that U. S.-Japan relations were not at stake because their economic relations were still peaceful. Yet, the experience of W. W. I revealed the vulnerability of the unorganized economic interdependence. Japanese People began to feel awkward about Tanzan's "Little Japanism, " and insisted that Japan, who was rejected to enter the white countries, had no choice but to expand to Asia.However, Tanzan was not a naive believer in natural harmony of national interests. He was a "realist" who recognized a fundamental disagreement about a desirable world order between Japan and Anglo-Saxon countries. His "realists" aspect was revealed in his response to American "New Diplomacy." During W. W. I, American President Woodrow Wilson declared "New Diplomacy." and demanded that each nation should adopt a more liberal foreign policy. Many Japanese liberalists sympathized with American "New Diplomacy" and encouraged people to share it. However, most people looked at American "New Diplomacy" with suspicion, saying that Americans still excluded Japanese immigrants from their country and violated the very principles that they advocated. Confronted with people's cynical attitudes, the leading liberalists like Yoshino Sakuzo just stressed that American "New Diplomacy" was not such a self-interested slogan as most people thought. They never discussed American racial attitudes for fear of stimulating Japanese people's anti-American feeling. Some opinion leaders like Konoe Fumimaro criticized their pro-American attitedes, and insisted that Japan should not hesitate to fight against Anglo-Saxon contries for a truly just order.Tanzan did not subscribe to the widespread cynical views on American "New Diplomacy." Yet, he was also different from the uncritical followers of it. He clearly realized that American "New Diplomacy" did not provide satisfactory solutions of colonialism and racial discrimination, and advocated that Japan should fight for their realization. In this sense, he was a "realist." Yet, unlike Konoe, Tanzan tried to achieve a just order by throughgoing liberal means. When the United States proposed the Washington Conference (1921-1922) in order to frame a new order in Asia and Pacific, he suggested that Japan should abandon all colonies and imperialistic interests in order to gain the colonial people's support, and then fight against colonialism and racial discrimination with them. His vision of a "liberal struggle" was the product of his realistic insights into the international power relations and his fundamental belief in the powerful trend toward global liberation.
- 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会の論文
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会 | 論文
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