Aspects of Foreign Policy during the Second Okuma Cabinet:International Perceptions and ' Order Frameworks' in Japan's Diplomacy
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概要
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This paper presents an elucidation of the real role played by foreign policy concepts such as "international cooperation, " "foreign interference in domestic affairs" and "Asianism" during the second Okuma Cabinet, by examining the antagonisms surrounding the foreign policy of the ruling party during the Okuma Cabinet, or, more concretely, the antagonisms between its elder statesmen, Takaaki Kato, Yukio Ozaki and other party leaders.The outbreak of the First World War gave Japan an opportunity to wield a free hand in diplomacy (except toward the USA), which had thereto been conducted within the framework of an Asian diplomacy designed to function in coordination with (or subordination to) the European and American powers. Under such circumstances, a conflict arose within Japan regarding the choice between two diplomatic policies: cooperation with the world powers or partnership with China.The antagonism arose over the priority of the two policies. Takaaki Kato pushed for prioritizing the first, while Aritomo Yamagata, Kaoru Inoue and Shimpei Goto promoted the latter. Meanwhile, party politicians (antimain-stream faction) of the ruling party of the second Okuma Cabinet adopted a nationalistic attitude: they criticized the diplomatic approach of Kato as too adulatory of Great Britain, and attached great importance to the relations with Asia, calling for an independent diplomacy.This criticism had something in common with the criticism leveled at Kato's diplomacy by the elder statesmen, and immediately after Japan's entry into the war, a united front was formed against Kato. However, their wish to open a partnership with China was incompatible with the wishes of the elder statesmen who supported China's Yuan administration. After the reorganization of the Okuma Cabinet, the influence of Kato weakened temporarily. Once the party politicians took leadership and anti-Yuan policy came to be carried out, the united front collapsed, and Yamagata and Goto confronted the cabinet on the matter of which political force in China Japan should cooperate with.As just described, in the period of the second Okuma Cabinet, various mutually inconsistent foreign policies were carried out, and it is difficult to find any single diplomatic concept underlying them all. Such inconsistency occurred because Takaaki Kato, the President, had not yet established sufficient leadership to gain complete control of the party, while Rikken-doshikai (meaning "Constitutional Comrades' Society"), Chuseikai (meaning "Neutral Justice Society"), etc., which had formed the ruling party supporting the cabinet, had adopted motley foreign policies. And if any mention is necessary in connection with the period thereafter, the foreign policy of Kato consisted basically of cooperation with Great Britain and nonintervention in the internal affairs of China, and these lines were criticized as weak-kneed diplomacy, too adulatory of Great Britain.
- 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会の論文
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会 | 論文
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