George F. Kennan, the Policy Planning Staff, and U. S. Policy-making toward Okinawa, 1947-1949:International Relatons in Okinawa
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With the political problems and strategic considerations relating to the United States military presence in Okinawa and East Asia undergoing re-examination at official levels in recent years, a historic look at the formation of U. S. military and political policy toward the region in the early postwar period has become necessary. One curiously unexplored factor in that critical period remains the role of George F. Kennan and the Policy Planning Staff in the examination of policy for Okinawa.In the middle of the reevaluation of U. S. policy towards occupied Japan during the Fall of 1947 and the Winter/Spring of 1948, particularly in the context of the peace treaty goals of the U. S., Kennan and his staff helped to focus American policy-makers' attention on Okinawa-its vital strategic importance yet curiously undetermined political, military, and international status. Their first study of the issue, "Special Recommendation on the Ultimate Disposition of the Ryukyus, " also known as PPS/10/1, was inconclusive. As a result Kennan visited Okinawa, a trip surprisingly undiscussed in most scholarship, during his visit to the Far East in March 1948 to meet with General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers. Linking the strategic considerations of the Joint Chiefs of Staff with his own ideas of "containment, " Kennan was able to break the impasse between the State Department and the U. S. military which had existed since 1946. Kennan's opinions formed the basis of National Security Council document NSC 13/3 ("Recommendations With Respect to Japan"), which upon approval by President Harry S. Truman, became the two-staged U. S. position with regard to Okinawa: immediate base development combined with economic rehabilitation of the islands occurring during the first stage and the acquisition of international recognition put off until a future peace treaty.This paper seeks to trace Kennan's views on Okinawa in this period with particular reference to his visit to Okinawa as well as to examine the influence that Kennan's recommendations had on U. S. policy toward Okinawa. Using extensive archival materials from Washington, Tokyo, and Okinawa, as well as interviews conducted with Kennan, his assistants, and fellow diplomats at the time, this paper aims to fill a void in the history of U. S. -Japan relations, with particular reference to U. S. politico-strategic policy toward Okinawa and Japan.
- 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会の論文
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会 | 論文
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