Toward a Multi-Layered Security Structure in the Asia-Pacific Region: Limitations of Multilateral Security Cooperation and Roles of the US-Japan Security Treaty System:The US-Japan Security: Continuity and Change
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This article attempts to show theoretically why the US-Japan Alliance remains and will remain a central component of the Asia-Pacific security system in the post-Cold war era. The main arguments of this paper can be summarized as follows:1) Multilateral security cooperation is still at an embryonic stage in the Asia-Pacific Region. Among the three types of multilateral security cooperation, common, collective, and cooperative securities, only cooperative security is expected to develop in this region in the foreseeable future.2) A cooperative security system will not be able to maintain regional peace by itself even in a fully developed form; because, it cannot cope with militaly conflicts by itself once it fails to prevent them. Cooperative security attempts to prevent military conflicts among the regional states by measures that are neither confrontational nor coercive, and does not envisage collective enforcement actions. A cooperative security system, therefore, must be complemented by another mechanism that can deal with military conflicts by military means.3) Theoretically, there are at least seven candidates for such mechanism. They are: hegemony; a collective security system; a NATO-type collective defense system (multilateral alliance); a concert of great powers; self-help; a bilateral alliance other than the one between the US and Japan; and the US-Japan Alliance. Except for the US-Japan Alliance, however, none of these options are feasible in the Asia-Pacific in the foreseeable future.4) Most of the countries in the region in fact share the understanding that the US-Japan Alliance is indispensable for the maintenance of regional peace. It is widely recognized that the US-Japan Alliance is the most important framework to secure the US commitment to East Asia in the post-Cold War era.5) It can therefore be predicted that a cooperative security system in the Asia-Pacific, however it develops, will go always hand in hand with the US-Japan Alliance in the forseeable future.The article concludes that the most desirable way to maintain peace in the Asia-Pacific in the foreseeable future is to build a multi-layered security system which will consist mainly of two components that complement each other, i. e., the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) as a cooperative security system which will promote mutual understanding, mutual trust and mutual reassurance among the regional states, and the US-Japan Alliance as a reassurance among the regional states, and the US-Japan Alliance as a mechanism which will cope with military conflicts if the ARF fails to prevent them. In this multi-layered system, the cooperative security system and the alliance system will be mutually reinforcing, rather than mutually exclusive. For the ARF, the US-Japan Alliance will represent a reliable insurance against failure of preventive diplomacy. Without such an insurance, preventive diplomacy cannot work effectively. For the US-Japan Alliance, the successful preventive diplomacy efforts by the ARF will contribute to reduce significantly the work loads of the alliance partners and the costs they have to bear.
- 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会の論文
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会 | 論文
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