Henry L. Stimson's Internationalism and U. S. Party Politics:Japan's Wartime Diplomacy and the Postwar Visions
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The purpose of this paper is to re-examine Henry L. Stimson's internationalism in the light of 20th century reform movements. Many scholars have written about his activities in the diplomatic field, but few have paid attention to his behavior as a party politician. Since the Progressive era through the New Deal, he had endeavored to make the Republican Party a bulwark of the federal government against class-based labor influences. He advocated that the national government should make policies on a basis of national interests, and that consistent national defence policies never be made under a class-oriented Democrat government. In this sense, his nationalism, which led him to internationalism, was based on the class issues which characterized early 20th century reform politics.As soon as the Republican Party suffered a historical defeat in the 1936 election, he embarked on the reconstruction of GOP with the Republican National Committee, Chief Justice C. E. Hughes, and former President H. C. Hoover. He was opposed to socialistic aspects of the New Deal policies, and thus tried to make his party a core of anti-New Deal movements.It's important to note Stimson had knowledge and experience about such activities. As a righthand man of Elihu Root, he worked the same job from 1912 through 1916 while progressive groups deserted from the GOP. With this crisis Stimson succeeded in helping deserters' return and created new supporters by strengthening the party's policy planning and propaganda sections. And in 1937 he recommended the GOP national committee to heed the lessons of 1912.This strategy was accepted and went well until the 1938 midterm election. But after WW II broke out, Stimson was disappointed with the leadership of GOP. Party leaders planned to mobilize votes of anti-war groups to defeat the Democrat government. This isolationist campaign strategy reminded Stimson of his experiences in the 1920 presidential election. In this election he and Root strongly supported General Wood. But the GOP national committee and party leaders chose W. Harding because they thought isolationists' appeals for voters were as important to their party's victory as internationalists' and that Harding could get support from both.In 1940, FDR gave frustrated Stimoson a chance. He apponited him War Secretary in order to get support from Republican internationalists. Stimson accepted his offer not because he accepted FDR's general policies, but because he wanted to control the war department as a "hostage." He told Frank Knox that by doing so, Republican Party politicians could change the New Deal system from within the Democrat government.
- 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会の論文
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会 | 論文
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