A Comparative Study of the Proposals for the Reform of the United Nations : The Reform Plans of Secretary-General Ghali and Other Proposals from 1985 to 1993:The United Nations in a Changing World
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
From January 1992, at the outset of his work, a new Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali has dealt with the reform of the United Nations (UN). He declared in his annual report that there was a possibility to bring about a renaissance-to create a new UN for a new international era. Before he commenced planning to improve the UN, there were many proposals for reform. The objectives of this paper are to compare these proposals for reform with the efforts of the Secretary-General. This paper is composed of three chapters; I) The history of the proposals for the reform of the UN, II) The reform of the administrative and financial functioning of the UN, III) The reform of the organization of the UN.I) There were two causes of the crisis at the UN. First, in 1983, the US Congress passed the Kassebaum Amendment which cut off the rate of US payments to the UN. Second, in 1984, the US and the UK withdrew from UNESCO. These two events gave rise to a financial crisis at the UN. The financial pressures have forced the UN to reduce its expenses and to reform its organizational structures. From 1985, many ideas and plans to reform the UN were devised and proposed. These proposals had some effect on the effort of Secretary-General Ghali.II) There are three aspects to the reform of the administrative and financial functioning of the UN. (1) The Secretariat; Ghali has implemented the regrouping a number of offices and the consolidation of related functions and activities. On account of this regrouping and consolidation, 14 posts at the Under-Secretary-Gen eral and Assistant-Secretary-General level were abolished. (2) Personnel Management; The number of UN posts financed by the regular budget has been decreased from 11, 409 in 1987 to 10, 100 in 1992. (3) Financial and Budgetary problem; The system for planning and budget procedures was revised in December, 1986. Since then, the Committee for Programme and Coordination (CPC) has had a decisive role in controlling programme content and budget size. And the decisions of intergovernmental bodies for planning and budget procedure began to be taken by consensus.III) In the field of the maintenance of peace and security, Ghali identified four areas for action: Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping, peace-building. These four areas should be considered together as part of an integrated approach.In the field of economic and social cooperation, there are three problems. First, Ghali suggested that the Economic Social Council (ECOSOC) might introduce a flexible high-level inter-sessional mechanism in order to facilitate a timely response to evolving socio-economic realities. Second, in the field of economic development, Ghali proposed an integrated approach. He thinks that political progress and economic development are inseparable. Third, concerning the global environment, Ghali refers to the UN Conference on Environment and Development held in June 1992.Five points are concluded. First, the central concepts of Ghali's reform are democratization and development; a people-centered vision of development. The ultimate goal of the reform of the UN is the reform of the world system. These dramatic visions are useful as background for UN reform. Second, in accordance with other proposals, Ghali proposes to hold a UN Summit Meeting with high-level government representatives to strengthen ECOSOC and the Security Council. Third, Ghali reaffirms that the main objective of the UN is maintaining international peace and security. Fourth, administrative and structural reform has been executed effectively since 1985, such as strengthening of the CPC and introduction of consensus decisionmaking.
- 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会の論文
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会 | 論文
- ペルシャ湾保護国とイギリス帝国 : 脱植民地化の再検討
- The Revolutionary Diplomacy in the Era of Chinese Nationalist Revolution:East Asia and Japan during a Period of Transition : Historiclal Study
- The Conditionality in the Development Assistance : A Study on the Operational Activities by IMF, the World Bank, and UNDP:The United Nations in a Changing World
- The Sudeten Problem and World Politics between two World Wars:Studies on Diplomatic History of Contemporary Europe
- Hitlers Leadership in Foreign Policy: Chiefly on the Recent Trend of Study in West Germany:The Eve of the Second World War : International Relations in Summer, 1939