The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation The Japanese Immigration Problem in Canada:The Historical Evolution of Canada-Japan Relations
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In the history of Japanese-Canadian relations, immigration from Japan to Canada remained an important issue, particularly in the early part of the twentieth century. On the occasion of renewal of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Britain and Japan in 1911, the Japanese immigration problem was the issue which deferred Canada's decision to adhere to the Treaty for almost two years.Canada did not adhere to the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, when it was ratified in 1894, fearing that Japanese immigration might be encouraged by it. But in 1906, at the time when trade relations between Canada and Japan were growing, Canada accepted the Treaty without any alteration in the article giving the subjects of each country full privileges in each other's territories. For the Laurier government had gained "assurances" of the Japanese government to restrict emigration for Canada. The opposition party, led by Robert L. Borden, attacked the government complaining that the control of immigration had been taken out of Canada's hands. Since then the control of immigration became the central theme in the debates on immigration between Japan and Canada, as well as in the Canadian government.When the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation was renewed between Britain and Japan in 1911, the Canadian government was not willing to adhere to it, though the Japanese government expected them to The Canadian government, sensitive to the public sentiment, which was becoming increasingly restrictive against immigrants as a whole, wanted to retain the right to restrict immigrants entering Canada. Canada would adhere to the new Treaty between Britain and Japan, if it did not affect or repeal any of the provisions of the Immigration Act of 1910 which sanctioned the prohibition on "the landing in Canada…of immigrants belonging to any race deemed unsuited to the climate or requirements of Canada, or of immigrants of any specified class, occupation or character, " which showed the general sentiments of the government as well as the public of Canada then.The Canadian government, with Borden as Prime Minister since the fall of 1911, suggested that the Japanese government offer a written assurance that the limitation on immigration would be continued, as Japan had done at the time when the United States and Japan ratified the American-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation in 1911. Borden thought it would be helpful to persuade the Parliament and the public if Canada followed the way the United States had solved the similar problem. Borden, always sensitive to British opinion, did not want to hurt the feelings of Japan, who was closely related with Britain. At the same time, however, Borden considered it most important for Canada to retain the control over the immigrants entering Canada.The Japanese government, on the other hand, wanted Canada to adhere to the new Treaty because Canada was growing to be important as her trade partner. And Japan wanted to keep friendly relations with Canada because Canada was a part of the British Empire with which Japan had special relations as can be seen in the Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation. At the same time, in accordance with their diplomacy towards the United States, the Japanese government did not want their immigrants to be barred from entering Canada by the legislations on the Canadian side. The matter of their primary concern was to preserve Japan's "honor."Thus the Japanese government accepted Borden's suggestion of a written assurance that the limitation on emigration would be continued. And Canada adhered to the new Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation in April, 1913, after a long period of negotiations. In the process, the presence of Britain played an important role. Both Canada.
- 一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会の論文
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会 | 論文
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