ケベック州の国際活動 (非国家的行為体と国際関係)

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A number of Canadian students of International Relations have been paying more and more attention to the significance of international activities of Canadian provinces.From 1960 on, Quebec, one of the ten Canadian provinces, began to strengthen contacts with France and francophone African countries, while promoting the Quiet Revolution as an expression of the will to fulfill the "epanouissement" of the French Canadians in Quebec, and gave rise to bitter wars of words with Ottawa.Traditionally, French Canadians had looked upon foreign affairs as a threat to Canadian independence and their own way of life. However, at the beginning of the 1960s, they radically changed this negative attitude. Having found the conduct by Ottawa of external affairs insufficient to their aspirations, they set out to play an active role in international affairs in respect to the matters to the belonging provincial jurisdiction, which might lead to the strengthening of Quebec's international personality as "l'Etat du Québec."Some of the factors contributing to positive international activities of Quebec are:(1) Factors common to Canadian provinces including Quebec: International organizations and international legislation have increasingly been concerned matters falling wholly or partially within the legislative jurisdiction of the provinces. Provinces have different priorities in their policies, so the uniformity arising from vesting all international powers exclusively in the federal government is undesirable to the provinces. There are many problems to be solved between Canadian provinces and neighboring American states. Several provinces want to further economic relations with foreign countries.(2) Factors peculier to Quebec:Great convulsions in social, political and ideological domains in Quebec in the 1960s encouraged her to have "the desire to have access to certain areas of international relations, the will to assert an individual personality on a world-wide level, and the resolution to benefit from universl values."The advent of the de Gaulle Government and the victory of the Afro-Asian nationalism provided favorable conditions for Quebec.The provinces other than Quebec have been carrying on .the international involvement pretty energetically, too, but without challenging a single Canadian personality in foreign affairs.Roughly speaking, from 1961 to 1965, Quebec paid attention to establishing close contacts with France and, from 1967 on, attempted to promote intimate relations with French-speaking Africa, along with developing the contacts with France. Bitter wars of words were begun especially by the conclusion of an official agreement on education between Quebec and France in 1965. Quebec insisted she could reach agreements with other countries without consulting the federal government, when these dealt with specially provincial matters. Quebec's active and independent participations in international conferences at the end of the 1960s rekindled major confronations between Ottawa and Quebec.The retirement of de Gaulle in 1969 and the advent of a "federalist" Bourassa Government in 1970 decreased a tension between Quebec and Ottawa concerning the international involvement of the former, but the government of Quebec still showed the determination to assert its position in international affairs.Increased international activities of Quebec obliged Ottawa to abandon a waitand-see policy toward France and French-speaking African countries. Above all, the de Gaulle affair in 1967 brought Ottawa's relations with France down to a more concrete level. In addition, Trudeau's diversification policy based on the "Third Option" necessiated the normalization of the Franco-Canadian relations.But in November 1977, when Premier René Lévesque of Quebec visited Paris, he was given an extraordinary reception by President
一般財団法人日本国際政治学会の論文

ケベック州の国際活動 (非国家的行為体と国際関係)

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概要

一般財団法人日本国際政治学会 | 論文

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ケベック州の国際活動 (非国家的行為体と国際関係)

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概要

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会 | 論文

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一般財団法人日本国際政治学会 | 論文