Structural Changes in Japanese Higher Education in the 1990s
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概要
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In the 1990s, Japanese higher education underwent the largest structural changes since the 1940s, when it was forced to carry out drastic reform under the American occupation. In spite of the post-war reforms modeled after the US, Japanese higher education maintained its traditionally rigid, uniform, and hierarchical structure for more than half a century. In the beginning of the 1970s, there was a major rise in the movement to reform higher education, with the aim to shake and change its long established structure. However, because of the strong resistance from universities and professors, the Ministry of Education failed to carry out its reform plan.<BR>At the end of 1980s, there was another big surge in the movement reform Japanese higher education. And this time, the universities and professors criticized as conservative for a long time, started positively to tackle the difficult tasks.<BR>Behind these changing attitudes, we can point to several important factors compelling reform. First, there were three international "megatrends" : i.e.(1) massification, (2) marketization, and (3) globalization. Secondly, there were three national factors:(1) demographic, (2) economic, (3) policy-related factors.<BR>Under the pressure of these forces and quickened by the policies of the Education Ministry based on reports of the University Council, reforms and changes were carried out, ranging from the structure of the total system to the inside of the individual universities. Reforms at the institutional level started from undergraduate education, and various "tools" developed by American universities to improve education for massified students were introduced.<BR>Nearing the end of the 1990s, the universities began to be asked to drastically change their organizational structure, including the traditional chair-faculty system. This system, modeled after the German university, had long been considered the stronghold of academic freedom and autonomy by Japanese professors. The structural changes in Japanese higher education will reach their final phase when the universities succeed in obtaining professors' approval to replace the long established chairfaculty system with the American department-college system, and in creating new independent administration systems.
- 日本教育社会学会の論文
日本教育社会学会 | 論文
- 2.大学進学と意識変容 : 都市/地方進学校の卒業後パネル調査から(III-9部会 高大連携,研究発表III)
- 地方公立進学校におけるエリート再生の研究(その2) : エリート創出の試みをとらえる(IV-4部会 進路と教育(4),研究発表IV,一般研究報告)
- 地方公立進学校におけるエリート再生の研究(その1) : 戦後型地域移動とエリート像をとらえなおす(III-3部会 進路と教育(3),研究発表III,一般研究報告)
- 学習者の学習環境の差異に関する研究 : 進学校の生徒に着目して(I-11部会 中・高生の学習,研究発表I,一般研究報告)
- 2.「特色ある専門高校教育」のレリバンス(III-3部会 学校(2),研究発表III,日本教育社会学会第58回大会)