An International Comparison on Higher Education:The occupational structure of the higher education graduates
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
In 1968, OECD published the statistics in the educational structure of labourforces, from which we can learn the occupational structure of the higher educationgraduates in sixteen countries.<BR>(1) The higher education qualified labour forces among the total labour forcesshow a ratio about 2 or 3% in most European countries, above 7% in Japan, 10% in Canada, and 19% in U. S. A. The former can be called the lowereducated societies, the latter the higher educated societies.<BR>(2) In the lower educated societies, above 70% of the higher education graduatesare absorbed in the professional and technical occupations, while in the highereducated societies only 40-50% are absorbed in such occupational category.That is to say, the traditional privilege of higher education graduates has beenlost in the higher educated societies and a considerable number are forced toseek their occupation in clerical, sales or manual jobs.<BR>(3) On the other hand, in higher educated societies the chances for the nonhighereducation graduates to get a professional or technical occupations havediminished considerablly. It means that the positions of the professional andtechnical occupations are exclusively monopolized by the higher educationgraduates. For instance, about 75% of the professional and technical occupationsare taken by the higher education graduates in U. S. A., while it is about 30%in most European countries.<BR>(4) Thus the higher education in the higher educated societies has lost theprivileged function to guarantee its graduates for the professional and technicaloccupations, but in the meanwhile the higher educational qualif ication hasbecome a more and more neccessary prerequisite to get a professional or technicaloccupation.<BR>(5) Here appears the differentiation among the higher education graduates. Someof the graduates are engaged in the professional and the technical jobs, andothers in the clerical, sales and manual jobs. This allocation seems to be dueto the following factors.<BR>A. A vertical functional differentiation in the higher education. For example, the graduates of the graduate schools are likely to get professional andtechnical occupations and the graduates of universities or junior colleges arelikely to be engaged in clerical, sales and manual jobs.<BR>B. A horizontal functional differentiation in study fields. For instance, graduatesof law or technical faculties are engaged in professional and technicaloccupations, and graduates of other faculties, in clerical, sales and manualjobs.<BR>C. An informal differentiation between the high-ranked universities and collegesand low-ranked ones.
- 日本教育社会学会の論文
日本教育社会学会 | 論文
- 2.大学進学と意識変容 : 都市/地方進学校の卒業後パネル調査から(III-9部会 高大連携,研究発表III)
- 地方公立進学校におけるエリート再生の研究(その2) : エリート創出の試みをとらえる(IV-4部会 進路と教育(4),研究発表IV,一般研究報告)
- 地方公立進学校におけるエリート再生の研究(その1) : 戦後型地域移動とエリート像をとらえなおす(III-3部会 進路と教育(3),研究発表III,一般研究報告)
- 学習者の学習環境の差異に関する研究 : 進学校の生徒に着目して(I-11部会 中・高生の学習,研究発表I,一般研究報告)
- 2.「特色ある専門高校教育」のレリバンス(III-3部会 学校(2),研究発表III,日本教育社会学会第58回大会)