:Physical properties, application and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study
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New series of water-in-oil (w/o) type surface active agents are presented: N-(3-alkyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-alkanolamines and N-(3-alkyloyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) alkanolamines.The noticeable features of the new surfactants were found to consist particularly of superior emulsifying ability and dispersing power. Their relatively higher HLB values (average: 6-7) and water numbers (20-30) compared with those of conventional w/o surfactants and the participation of a nitrogen atom present in the hydrophilic group seemed to account for these properties.Of the new surfactants, those that possess unsaturated bond (s) in lipophilic chain constituted one of classes capable of formation of stable w/o emulsions. The dynamic behavior of these substances and their model compounds in reversed micellar state was characterized by 13C-NMR to find an explanation for their distinctive nature. Measurement of 13C spin-lattice relaxation times (T1′s) demonstrated that the segmental motion around the doublebonded carbons in lipophilic group was rather restricted and that the mobility of carbons at hydprohilic position was also extremely reduced. The results suggested that the mobility of surfactant molecules may correlate with the stability of w/o emulsions. In addition, it was elucidated that neither the presence of double bond (s) nor the peculiar cis-configuration is a principal factor involved in the occurrence of such superior properties with which oleyl system, for instance, is provided.Utilizing the new surface active agents, we could readily obtain not only w/o type cream or liquid emulsion with high water content but also liquid foundation containing pigments.Upon investigation of physiological action of these new compounds, it was revealed that they neither cause particular skin irritation and allergy nor exhibit toxicity, thereby substantiating their physiological safety.
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