Ion-Exchange of Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) by Brown Coal

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In this study, the influence of experimental conditions (reaction time, solution pH, initial concentration of metallic ion) on ion-exchange properties of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by an Australian brown coal was investigated. In order to change the cation-exchange properties, brown coal was heated up to 300°C and the behavior of the cation exchange was also examined. In all samples, the adsorbed amount of metallic ions increased with contact time, and after 60 min the amount of M2+ adsorbed reached an equilibrium. Moreover, the amount of M2+ adsorbed increased with increasing solution pH and initial concentration of M2+. The maximum adsorbed amount of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from the aqueous solutions at pH 6 was 1.5 and 0.7 mmol/g, respectively. Although the amount of carboxyl groups in the brown coal decreased by heat-treatment, the behavior of cation-exchange for the heat-treated brown coal was similar to that for the untreated brown coal. In the cation-exchange experiment from the solution containing Pb2+, Cd2+ and so on, the heat-treated brown coal adsorbed Pb2+ preferentially.
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