New development of inorganic ion exchanger: Ion-exchange Reaction of Layered Sodium Titanate (Na2Ti3O7) with Mono, Di, and Trivalent Ions
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Ion-exchangeable Na<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>as a layered host material was prepared through a solid-state reaction between NaCO<SUB>3</SUB>and TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. The exchange of interlayer sodium ions of Na<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>with mono, di, and trivalent ions (H<SUP>+</SUP>, NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>, Co<SUP>2+</SUP>, A1<SUP>3+</SUP>) was also observed. The ion-exchange reaction between Na<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>and the monovalent ions H<SUP>+</SUP>and NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>readily gave H<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>and (NH<SUB>4</SUB>) <SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>. In the ion exchange reaction of Na<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>with Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>, more than 95% of the Na<SUP>+</SUP>ions were removed during the reaction, but EDX analysis indicated no Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>ions were present in the product. These results indicated that H<SUP>+</SUP>ions in the acidic Ni (NO<SUB>3</SUB>) <SUB>2</SUB>aqueous solution were incorporated into the interlayer rather than the Ni<SUP>2+</SUP> ions. The exchange reaction between Na<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>and A1<SUP>3+</SUP>ions also produced H<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>. To confirm the competitive formation of H<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>in these reactions, the products were investigated by XRD measurements after heat treatment. The diffraction peak (001) in the H<SUP>+</SUP>-, Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>- and A1<SUP>3+</SUP>-exchanged products was divided into two peaks after heat treatment at 200°C, indicating that the layered structure had changed into a three-dimensional structure (channel structure) formed through a dehydration between adjacent layers. The side reaction with H<SUP>+</SUP>did not take place in the ion exchange reaction with Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> and Co<SUP>2+</SUP>according to the XRD measurement. Moreover, H<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>was easily obtained through the acid treatment of Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>-exchanged titanate without a change in structure, suggesting that Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>ions occupy ion-exchangeable sites in the interlayers. From the results of EDX analysis the composition of Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>- and Co<SUP>2+</SUP>-exchanged titanates were determined as Mg<SUB>1.0</SUB>Na<SUB>0.60</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>and Co<SUB>0.63</SUB>Na<SUB>0.43</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>, respectively.
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