Chemical Control of Rice Stem Maggot and Rice Leaf Miner
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概要
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The rice stem maggot (<I>Chlorops oryzae</I> MATSUMURA) is a serious pest over Northern parts of Japan including Tohoku District. It has two generations per year the 1st generation larvae attacking the rice plant.<BR>The eggs are laid singly on the under-surface of leaves, the oviposition continuing for about one month. After hatching the larvae bore into, and live within the stems, until the rice plant is almost ripe; thus the larvae affect the rice yield through injury to the leaves and ears apart from decreasing the plant height.<BR>In 1955 further experiments were carried out to determine the effect of some insecticides against this pest when applied to the rice plant by various methods. There were 11 treatments which included 5 emulsions, 1 wettable powder, 3 dusts and 2 dust mixtures. From the data obtained previously it appeared likely that an appreciable control of this insect could be attained by destroying the newly-hatched larvae. Therefore, the fluctuation of the abult emergency and the state of oviposition were surveyed for the purpose of predicting the peak of oviposition.<BR>The effectiveness of the treatments differed considerably according to the application dates, an application at the peak of ovipnsition (June 30th) gave the best control, and one just before the peak of oviposition was the second best. These results are similar to those already established by other workers in different districts.<BR>No difference in effectiveness was observed by using different spray methods and it is recommended that the spray should be applied from a point about 30cm. above the foliage; the addition of a "spreader" did not significantly affect the degree of control.<BR>Among the emulsifiable materials tested, Dieldrin and EPN were effective, but Diazinon, Spadrin, Dipterex and 4124 were unsatisfactory even though high dosages were used, especially for the latter two; higher yields were given in the EPN sprayed plot. Dusts of Dieldrin, EPN and Dieldrin-EPN mixture (not for commercial sale also gave a fair control; of these dusts, the Dieldrin-EPN mixture was superior in comparison with Dieldrin or EPN, which individually were equally effective. It was apparent that the effect was directly proportional to an increase in dosage and number of applications and no phytotoxicity was observed in any plot.<BR>In some cases where there is an unusually heavy emergence it may be necessary to make a second application 7 to 10 days after the first; however, the experimental results show that one application alone will be effective when applied exactly at the peak of oviposition. Practical use recommendations are as follows: -<BR>1) Dieldrin E. C. 400cc per tan<BR>2) Dieldrin 4% or 8% dust 3kg. per tan<BR>3) EPN E. C. 0.045% dilution at 6 To per tan<BR>4) EPN 1.5% dust 3kg. per tan.
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