Flow Behaviors of Smectite/Water Suspensions in Terms of Particle-Coagulated Structures.
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概要
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Rheological measurements for various natural or synthetic smectites/water suspensions were carried out based on smectite concentration. In all the smectite suspension, the transformation of flow curves obtained from a typical Newtonian to a distinct shear thinning type flow is observed with increasing smectite concentration. This indicates that the coagulated structure of the smectite particles in the system is formed at a certain critical concentration depending on the kind and composition of smectite materials. The critical concentrations are different among the dispersed smectite particles and are given as follows: the synthetic saponite, 1.2wt%; the synthetic hectorite, 1.0wt%; the synthetic stivensite, 1.5wt%; and the purified montmorillonite, 3.0wt%. In the case of synthetic saponite and hectorite dispersions at 2.0wt%, they show higher storage moduli in the order of 100 Pa than those of other smectite dispersions due to the formation of gel structure. This gel structure breaks easily by applying weak strain, and exhibits rapid structural recovery after releasing the strain. Purified montmorillonite particles form a similar gel structure in their suspension at more than 4wt% concentration, however its structural recovery rate at 4wt% is relatively slow as compared with the synthetic smectite suspension. Morphological examination of smectite at frozen state using a Cryo-SEM, clearly shows the presence of network structure formed by coagulated particles in all the smectite dispersions at 2.0wt%. The coagulated structural size of synthetic saponite dispersion was the largest among all other smectites and the network density is low. Synthetic stivensite on the other hand formed a network structure of considerably small size. Moreover, observation of montmorillonite suspension indicates that the resulting network structure is more loose than synthetic smectite and the existence of other independent particles. These differences in suspension structures explained well the rheological properties of smectite/water suspensions.
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