The "Üeberfremdung" Problem and the Swiss Confederation: Immigrant Workers, Seasonal Workers, and Border-Commuters:Flows of People across National Boundaries in an Internationalizing World
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概要
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Swiss is famous for its many foreign workers. The number of foreigners amounts to nearly 20% of the total population. Swiss is an "early starter" in permitting entry to many foreign workers after the W. W. II. In the 1960s and 70s, grassroots movements appealed to the "anti-Üeberfremdung Initiative" to cut down the number of foreigners. In Switzerland, social discontent and social movements are in conflict with the corporatist system. This "anti-Üeberfremdung Initiative" could not gain a majority, but it has changed the government policy toward foreign workers in a basic way.In many Western societies like France and West Germany, anti-foreign movements are now very active as a result of economic depression in these societies. The competition between home workers and foreigners is intense. And, cultural conflict is serious because of the immense gap between the advanced societies, who accept foreigners, and the developing countries, who send them. As a consequence, xenophobia becomes acute in these advanced societies. In Swistzerland also, this type of anti-foreign movements exists. And besides, it has another type of anti-foreign feeling based on its "traditional conservatism, " which is the core of the Swiss Confederation. Now, it is difficult for Switzerland to maintain a balance in the domain of language, religion and age because of the massive number of Italian workers. Traditional people are afraid that the "Üeberfremdung" will completely change the Swiss Confederation.Hence, the Swiss government is forced to make a new economic policy which is compatible with this anti-foreign feeling. The Swiss government has cut the number of foreign workers and utilized a great number of seasonal workers and border-commuters, who are not counted as "foreign workers."
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