The Morals in the Changing Communities Sadao Hashizume
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概要
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1. For the purpose of delineating the difference of community morals, two small communities of different levels of urbanization were selected: one was a rural community in a transitory stage to a residential suburb, and the other a public housing area in a large city.<BR>2. An empirical approach to morals will be made with at the idea of social control. The society enforces its members to conform to those patterns of behavior which it approves, This enforcement will be most distinctive in a problem situation where an individual member is forced to make a choice between two conflicting behavior patterns, The behavior pattern thus chosen will take the character of a social norm. The members are not always reluctant in their conformity, because they are, in many cases, motivated with the feeling that it is good to conform to these social norms. In such cases, the norms are regarded by the members as morals.<BR>3. Ten situations with conflicting behavior patterns were prepared in the questionnaire forms distributed to housewives in the communities, Each situation was followed by three types of questions: (a) Which behavior pattern would the community members choose in such a situation? (b) Which choice would be considered to be morally better? (c) Which choice would zou make? The type of social norm prevalent in the community will be shown primarily in the trend of the responses to question (c), while the responses to question (a) offers supplementary information in that this question inquires the opinion of the housewives concerning the community morals, The degree of consistency between the responses to questions (c) and (b) can be regarded as the extent to which this particular norm functions as a moral in the community.<BR>4, Some of the main findings are as follows:<BR>(1) Most women think they should tell children of others to stop playing mischief. The degree of consensus on this moral is the highest in both communities, (2) Such morals as the succession of the family at the sacrifice of one's personal benefits, and the objection to superstitious ideas at the sacrifice of filial of are most resistant to change, (3) Such morals as choosing one's mate against the parents' wishes and telling the truth about neighborers will be more emphasized as urbanization advances (4) The defensive attitude of remaining silent in the presence of authority will be more resented by the people as they become more urbanized.
- 日本教育社会学会の論文
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