The Optical Characteristics of the Water in the Three Oceans Part III:The Distribution of Solar Energy Reached to and Penetrated in the Water of the Antarctic Ocean in the Summer and its Comparison to Other Oceans
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In the treatment of the problem of solar energy reached to and penetrated in the water of the oceans, the author offered the following method to know the average amount of solar energy according as the changes of depths and zones in the oceans.<BR>1) The transmittance coefficient of light in the air (q) was calculated from solar energy reached to the water surface from the sun and sky, and solar constant taken account of the seasonal changes. Attempts of estimate of possible solar insolation by latitude and month, the mean daily solar insolation by cloud form, and by cloud amount, were made to bring from the relation between q and solar altitude in clear sky, relation between q and solar altitude classified by cloud form in front of the sun, and reduction ratio of solar insolation indebted to the change of cloud amount, respectively. Moreover, mean monthly solar insolation in the summer on the ocean was calculated on reference to weather data.<BR>2) On reference to the data of sea condition, the reflected amount of solar insolation at the water surface was determined by using the results quoted from the studies of COX and MUNK (1965) and ANDERSON (1954).<BR>3) The measurement of upward and downward irradiance of underwater light was performed by using 4 kinds of filter such as opal, blue, green and amber, from surface to 140 meter deep in the Antarctic Ocean, the East Indian Ocean and the Kuroshio region.<BR>As the result it should be explained that there were remarkable differences in terms of spectral transmittance of downward irradiance in each zone and ocean. So, the underwater distributions of solar energy by depth were estimated in each zone by quoting from JERLOV (1964).
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