Changed Environment Surrounding Sports-related Activities in Korea
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概要
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The purpose of this study is to examine the changes brought to the environment surrounding such sports-related activities as enactment of relevant laws and regulations, construction of facilities, formations of organization and creation of leaders which have all contributed to increasing involvement of Koreans in sports events. The study method we have adopted is to collect and analyse comprehensively the data and literature related to the sports environment published in Korea from 1980s up to the present time. In order that social activities like sports may continue to exist and prosper, such activities, as mentioned in Parson's theory, have to adapt to the natural and social environment, try to achieve the objective by first setting it up, and maintain the value placed on such objective by strengthening the felling of solidarity of the people.This study, which is based on the preceding studies, has taken up the four factors: 1) sports facilities, 2) sports-related laws and regulations, 3) sports organizations and 4) sports leaders as the subordinate system making up the sports environment. The results of the study are as follows:1) Sports facilities:The facilities provide a physical environment for people's involvement in sports. From 1984 to date the sports facilities in Korea have gone through many phases, development of public facilities being especially prominent. The number of public facilities has increased from 451 in 1984 to 688 in 1988, 2, 261 in 1994 and 3, 307 in 1996, the budget for sports-related expenditures, e. g. for maintenance and extention of facilities, having correspondingly been increased.2) Sport laws and regulations:A number of laws and regulations related to sports activities have been en-acted to establish the objective of the people's involvement in sports activities and to mobilize resources to achive such objective. The basic laws regulating the sports activities in Korea are "Advancement of National Physical Education Laws" of 1962 and "Establishment and Utilizations of Facilities for Physical Education Laws" of 1989. As the result of these laws the national objective has been clearly given to construct sports facilities, to secure the necessary budget and to foster and train leaders.3) Sports organization:Sports-related organizations perform the funcations of unifying of themselvesas well as people involved in sports activities. As the governmental organization "Ministry of Physical Education" was established in 1982 to promote and encourage sports activities in Korea vigorously. On the other hand YMCA and Social Physical Training Center as the civil organizations have contributed to people's more intensive involvement in sports activities.4) Sports leaders:Leaders of sports activities are responsible for maintaining and supporting the organizations of people involved in sports activites. Under Advancement of National Physical Eduacation Law the number of the registered sports leaders hascontinually increased from 177 in 1986 to 2, 629 in 1989, 2, 951 in 1992 and 1, 595 in 1994.
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