Prevalence of Vibrio spp. in Migratory Aquatic Birds in Japan.
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概要
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From April 1999 to May 2000, fresh feces from 343 migratory aquatic birds representing 16 species, including snipes, plovers, and terns, were collected in Chiba and Ibaragi Prefectures, Japan, and examined for the presence of <I>Vibrio</I> spp. <I>Vibrio</I> spp. was isolated from 103 (30.0%) of the 343 samples. Among those positive samples, <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> were isolated from 54 (15.7%), and <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> from 29 (8.5%) samples. The<I> V. cholerae</I> serovar O-1, which is known to be the principal causative agent of cholera, was not detected in any of the 343 samples. All the isolates were analyzed for the presence of cholera toxin (<I>ctx</I>), NAG-ST (<I>stn</I>), and El Tor hemolysin (<I>hlyA</I>) genes by PCR. Fifty-one point eight percent of the isolates (8.8% of the samples) harbored the <I>hlyA</I> gene, and all the isolates were negative for the <I>ctx</I> and <I>stn</I> genes. Moreover, none of the <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> strains harbored the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) gene. These results indicate that migratory aquatic birds coming from abroad have a high infection rate with <I>V. cholerae</I> and <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I>. All the <I>V. cholerae</I> and <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I> isolates were non-pathogenic, though a number of the <I>V. cholerae</I> strains possessed the <I>hlyA</I> gene, which has been identified in the majority of isolates obtained from the environment. Therefore, it was concluded that the migratory aquatic birds sampled might be not a reservoir of those pathogens, but, rather, reflect the distribuional conditions of <I>Vibrio</I> spp. in the environment in which those birds live.
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