Molecular mechanisms of adaptation and evolution of odor perception in fishes with special reference to the evolutionary dynamics of chemosensory receptor gene families.
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概要
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Recent research on the molecular diversity and evolutionary dynamics of fish odorant/pheromone receptor gene families are reviewed in terms of achievements and future perspectives. Because olfaction plays a crucial role in various biological activities of fishes, such as foraging, migration and mating, an understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of their odorant/pheromone receptors may provide important insights into the mechanisms of fish adaptive evolution. Genes encoding the main odorant receptors (ORs) and type 2 vomeronasal receptors (V2Rs), two of the three main classes of odorant receptors in teleost fishes, have markedly increased copy numbers, being used for detecting a diverse array of odor chemicals. In addition, many homologs of trace amineassociated receptor (TAAR) genes, a class of chemosensory receptors recently identified in mice, have also been found in fish genomes, being considered to function as chemosensory receptors. Repertoires of ORs, V2Rs and TAARs are highly divergent among species, suggesting speciesspecific adaptation to different odor environments. Recent electrophysiological studies have suggested functional differences between ORs and V2Rs in fishes. In particular, it is likely that fish ORs perceive amino acids, bile acids, sex steroids and prostaglandins, whereas fish V2Rs detect mainly amino acids and peptides. Based on these findings, future directions are proposed for further exploration of the adaptive evolution of fish olfaction.
- 日本魚類学会の論文
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