Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect in a Horse

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This report deals with a case of muscular ventricular septal defect with a remarkable cardiac hypertrophy in the Thoroughbred.A 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly complained of diminished exercise tolerance and tying-up syndrome. ECG examination revealed the presence of atrial fibrillation.By quinidine therapy, atrial fibrillation recurred to the sinus rhythm. The P wave in A-B lead characterized a positive bifid with long duration and a sharpened left atrial component. A systolic murmur was heard by ausculation of the heart, then, PCG examination confirmed the presence of decrescendo systolic and diastolic murmur, similar to those seen at the moderate VSD in the man. The murmur remained through her lifetime. No other clinical sign such as circulation disorders, cyanosis, or edema was observed.Four months later, she stumbled, fell down, and died on the track when she was galloping for training exercise.By autopsy, a defect (6×3cm) of pars muscularis septi interventricularis and a remarkable hypertrophy was observed in the heart.Histological examination revealed the presence of the changes associated with a mild hindrance of circulation as well as a congestion around the centrilobular, a fibrous hypertrophy of central venal wall and hepatic sinusoid in the liver. Furthermore, acute pulmonary, acute lymphonodus and perilymphonodus edema was present.
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