Pathological Studies on Foals Experimentally Infected with Equine Rotavirus

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Pathological studies were performed on 2 neonatal foals with a febrile response by oral inoculation of equine rotavirus. Severe diarrhea was observed in Foal No. 2 necropsied 5 days after inoculation, but not in Foal No. 1 necropsied 2 days. Main gross lesions were mild edema in the small and large intestines. Histological changes in the small intestine consisted of shortening and fusion of villi, desquamation of the villous epithelial cells, denudation of the villous lamina propria, and infiltration of lymphocytes and an increase in number of histiocytes in the villous lamina propria. In the large intestine, the cecum and large colon showed epithelial degeneration and infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the submucosa. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited the reduction or lack of microvilli in some villous epithelial cells. A great deal of tissue fluid flowed from the villi to the intestinal lumen. From these results, foal diarrhea caused by equine rotavirus was pathologically classified as an acute catarrhal enteritis.
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