Plume Structures in Deep Convection of Rotating Fluid.

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Plume structure of open water deep convection is investigated by using a nonhydrostatic numerical model, with 157 experiments for different sets of physical parameters, which are Coriolis parameter, diffusivity, and surface buoyancy flux. A separation curve between two dimensional (2-D) and three dimensional (3-D) convection regimes is estimated with a higher accuracy than previously examined in a 2-dimensional parameter space of the natural Rossby number and flux Rayleigh number.<BR>For the 2-D and 3-D regime transition, the validity of the hypothesis of maximum entropy increase rate is examined. At the 2-D and 3-D separation curve, entropy increase rates tend to change their gradient in a consistent manner with the hypothesis. This suggests a possibility that the regime transition of plume behavior is understood from a view point of macroscopic thermodynamics for a dissipative system.<BR>In the 2-D regime, some experiments exhibited interesting vorticity structures, which are different from conventional heton structure. Three-dimensional visualization of iso-surface of vorticities indicated that vortex structure for these experiments is characterized a mushroom-like shape with a vital temporal variability or tube-like shape. These results indicate that the heton structures do not explain all of plume structures in the 2-D regime.
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