Identification of Polyploid Groups in the Genus Echinochloa by Isozyme Analysis.
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概要
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The genus Echinochloa is morphologically variable and taxonomically complex. Three polyploid groups of Echinochloa have been recognized in temperate East Asia: (1) E. oryzicola complex, which is allotetraploid and includes five taxa or forms, namely, E. oryzicola (two forms, designated as F- and C-forms, are recognized), E. persistentia (a non-shattering form of E. oryzicola), cultivated form of E. oryzicola (probably a new taxon closely related to E. oryzicola) and E. phyllopogon, (2) E. crus-galli complex, which is allohexaploid and includes six taxa or forms, namely, E. crus-galli var. crus-galli, E. crus-galli var. praticola, E. crus-galli var. formosensis, E. oryzoides, E. esculenta (Japanese barnyard millet) and Lijiang millet (a cultivated form found in China) and (3) E. colonum complex, which is allohexaploid with a different genomic constitution from that of the E. crus-galli complex and includes two species, namely, E. colonum and E. frumentacea (Indian barnyard millet). These polyploid groups from Japan could be distinguished on the basis of their morphological characters (spikelet length and the ratio of lenght of lower glume/spikelet length; Fig. 1). Since in the groups from foreign countries the range of variation overlapped, it appeared impossible to distinguish the E. oryzicola complex (4X) from the E. crus-galli comple (6X) on the basis of morphological characters (Fig. 1). Isozyme analysis was performed to distinguish the polyploid groups of Echinochloa. For 6PGD, AAT and ADH, an increased number of isozyme bands was observed in the polyploid groups in proportion to the ploidy level (Fig. 2). The isozyme band patterns of E. colonum complex (6X), as well as the genomic constitution, were different from those of the E. crus-galli complex (6X). There were few variations in the isozyme band patterns within the polyploid groups (Table 2). Since the ploidy level of Echinochloa can be distinguished based on isozyme band patterns (Fig. 2 and Table 2), the taxa of Echinochloa could be identified correctly and easily by isozyme analysis in addition to morphological characters.
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