Ultrasonic Extraction Method-A Technique for Mutagenicity Monitoring of Airborne Particulates
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It is necessary to find a simple technique for extracting mutagens in airborne particulates in the mutagenicity monitoring of air pollutants. At present, soxhlet extraction method has losen widely used for this purpose. This method, however, has several difficulties such as possibilityof artifact mutagen formation, poor ability to treating many samples at one time-consuming process involved. To overcome these difficulties, we studied a new technique, ultrasonic method, for the extraction of mutagens in airborne particulates.<BR>At first, mutagenic activities of the ultrasonic extracts of airborne particulates were compared with those of the soxhlet extracts using benzene-ethanol (4: 1, v/v), methanol and acetonitrile as extracting solvent. Mutagenic activities of these extracts were measured by the pre-incubation method using <I>Salmonella typhimurium</I> TA 100 and TA 98 strains with and without S-9 mix. This test showed that mutagenic activities of benzene-ethanol and methanol extracts by the ultrasonic extraction were slightly higher or equivalent as compared with those by the soxhlet extraction. However, acetonitrile extract by soxhlet extraction showed higher mutagenic activity than the extract by the ultrasonic extraction. This discrepancy was remarkable in the mutagenicity test without S-9 mix. In due consideration of the previous results on mutagenicity of extracts of airborne particulates by the soxhlet extraction using many kinds of organic solvent as extracting agent [this journal, 18, 18-25, (1981)], it was judged that this discrepancy was due to artifact mutagen formation in the soxhlet extraction process using acetonitrile as a extracting agent.<BR>In the second experiment, mutagenic activity was tested for 10 organic solvent-extracts of airborne particulates to find the most suitable extracting solvent in the ultrasonic extraction. Solvent used were acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, benzene-ethanol (4: 1, v/v), cyclohexane, 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethylacetate and methanol. Among these extracts, benzene-ethanol and methanol extracts showed the highest response.<BR>The ultrasonic method allows to extract mutagens in many airborne samples at one time for about 15 min. Artifact mutagens was not produced when benzene-ethanol, methanol were used as an extracting solvent. Furthermore, benzene-ethanol ultrasonic extraction has been used in a chemical analysis of organic matter such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulates. Considering these facts, it is concluded that the ultrasonic extraction method using benzene-ethanol is the most suitable technique for the biological and chemical monitoring of mutagens in airborne particulates.
- 社団法人 大気環境学会の論文
社団法人 大気環境学会 | 論文
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