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Many researches have been performed on the application of lasers to dentistry in the last two decades, and many types of laser devices are now clinically used. On the other hand, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have other possibilities for applying lasers to dentistry. Firstly, the basic concept and present state in medicine of PDD and PDT are summarized in this article. PDD and PDT have been used for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer including oral cancer, and other nonmalignant diseases such as aged-related macular degeneration. Attempts to use PDT started in the 1960s. Nowadays, some diseases are already being treated by PDT and some of those treatments are covered by national health insurance. PDD and PDT are based on the phenomenon that a photosensitizing agent as photosensitizer (PS) can be preferentially localized in certain cells and tissues and activated by light of the appropriate wavelength. In PDD, the fluores cence induced by the light is detected and used for diagnosis. In PDT, PS activated by the light generates singlet oxygen and free radicals that are cytotoxic to the target cells and tissues. Secondly, the basic researches of PDD and PDT in the dental field are reviewed. Attempts have been made to apply PDD to diagnosis of oral cancer <I>in vivo</I>. Moreover, the possibility of applying autofluorescence for detection of oral cancer was discussed, and detection of autofluorescence for pulpal tissue and root canal components was outlined. In PDT, when a diode laser was irradiated in the root canal with ophthagreen, melted root canal surface was observed, and when a Nd: YAG laser was irradiated in the root canal with TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, the root canal was slightly enlarged. In conclusion, PDD and PDT have the potential to be used in general dentistry including endodontics in the future.
- 日本レーザー歯学会の論文