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Bronchoalveolar lavage technique is relatively easy and less harmful for patients. Bronchoalveolar lavage consists of cellular and acellular liquid elements. The cells recovered in the lavage are alveolar macrophages (more than 90%), lymphocytes (5-1096) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (less than 1%) in healthy non-smokers. Smokers have an increased number of macrophages and neutrophils. Lymphocytes relatively predominate, suggesting lymphocytic alveolitis, among the cells recovered from the patients with granulomatous lung diseases such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis. In the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a higher ratio of neutrophil in bronchoalveolar lavage (neutrophilic alveolitis) indicates that active inflammatory changes are undergoing in the lung alveoli. Combined with an appropriate estimates of liquid components, for instance, immunoglobulin, complements and surface active materials, pulmonary researchers can obtain more precise and wider informations. Thus this technique greatly helps clinicians make diagnosis and design treatments during the course of interstitial lung diseases.
日本医科大学医学会の論文