Studies on the Development of Tuberous Roots in Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas, Lam. var edulis, Mak.) : The effect of deep placement of mineral nutrients on the tuber-yield of sweet potato
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Studies were made in order to find out the ecological factors on the deep plowing culture of sweet potato. Deep plowing culture was carried out by plowing 25 cm deep, and compound fertilizer was applied to both shallow and deep layers of soil. Nutrients treatments are as follows (kg/10 a): ordinary culture, compound fertilizer (3-10-10) 100; heavy manuring culture, 200; deep plowing culture, 100 (shallow) plus 100 (deep). The ordinary and heavy manuring culture were applied only a shallow layer. For growth analysis, whole plants were taken seven times every three weeks after transplanting and divided into each organ. Leaf area was estimated by the leaf punch method and various ecological indexes were calculated from the values of leaf area and dry weights of the plant. In order to analyze the photosynthetic ability of leaves physiologically, three major elements (N, P, K, ) and carbohydrate contents were determined. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Fresh weight of tuberous roots of the deep plowing culture was greater about 22% than the ordinary culture or the heavy manuring culture. 2. LAI at the vigorous stage was the smallest in the deep plowing culture. At the harvest time, LAD of the ordinary, the heavy manuring and the deep plowing culture were 53.7 (week), 59.3 and 49.6, respectively. In the deep plowing culture the dry weight of stems (containing petioles) was not so much as other treatments. 3. NAR and (Leaf)/(Stem) which shows the structural efficiency of the vegitation were generally high throughout the growth stage in the deep plowing culture. 4. The coefficient of the economic efficiency of photosynthesis (Keco.) proposed by NICHIPOROVICH and MEDINETS, is defined by [yield (fruits, tuberous roots, etc.)/total weight] and indicates how amount of total photosynthates is used for the economic part of a plant. In this experiment, Keco, is (TR)/(T) in table 1. Keco. of the deep plowing culture kept high extent throughout the growth stage. 5. It is well known that K content of leaves correlate highly with the photosynthetic ability, and K/N of tuberous roots also correlate with the growth of tuberous roots. Both values of the deep plowingculture were higher than the other two. 6. Total carbohydrate contents were not largely diffent between the treatments. And high yield culture did not lower the carbohydrate content of tuberous roots. 7. From the resuls described above, it can be concluded that photosynthetic ability of the deep plowing culture was higher and photosynthates translocated very efficiently into the tuberous roots.
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