Changes in photosynthetic activity and leaf colour of Japanese lawn grass (Zoysia japonica) during the period preceding dormancy in autumn.
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Three lines of Japanese lawn grass, No.1, No.17 and No.35 were collected from different places in Japan and preserved by the Grassland Development Lab.. These were planted in Wagner pots and grown in green houses (25/20°C, day/night) as materials for an experiment. Line No.1 was collected in Nagasakibana, Kagoshima, line No.17 in Sugadaira, Nagano and line No.35 in Oono, Hokkaido.<BR>These plants were grown for a week (Nov. 6-Nov.13, 1990) at 20/15°C, day/night, in order to acclimatize the plants to low temperatures. Then, the plants were divided into three groups and grown for two weeks (Nov.14-Nov.29 ) under three different conditions, i.e. control (20/15°C, day/night), low temperature (15/10°C, day/night) and, low temperature and long day (15 /10 °C, day /night, with an aditional illumination of 2.5 hours) .<BR>We picked five 2nd-leaves and measured their photosynthetic rate 29 using portable photosynthetic measurement (SPB-1 type, ADC Co.) .<BR>The leaf-colour differences of 2nd-cut leaves were also measured on Nov.6 and 29 using colour and colour difference meter (ND-101D, Nihon Denshoku) .<BR>The results obtained were as follows.<BR>1) The leaf photosynthetic ability of control treatment was maintained for most of the experimental period in all lines.<BR>The leaf photosynthetic abilities of No.17 and No.35, wich were exposed to low temperature treatment and low temperature with long day treatment decreased rapidly after each treatments. However, the photosynthetic abilities of line No.1 remained for the first two weeks and then decreased.<BR>These results reveal that the decrease in photosynthetic ability during the period preceding dormancy is caused by drop in air temperatures and not by leaf-aging or photoperiodic response accompanied with short day.<BR>It is also shwn that the photosynthetic ability of Japanese lawn grass grown in high latitudes is more sensitive to low temperatures than the photosynthetic ability ability of grass grown in low latitudes.<BR>2) The leaf-colour of Japanese lawn grass changed from yellow-green to orange, and the change of a<SUP>*</SUP>was larger than L<SUP>*</SUP>or b<SUP>*</SUP>, during the experiment. It is clear that these colour-change and colour differences were caused by low temperatures, and these phenomena were closely connected with the change in photosynthetic ability.
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