Pre-emergence herbicidal effectiveness of simazine, propyzamide, pendimethalin and asulam, and their dissipation in a turf field of Manilagrass(Zoysia matrella Merr.).

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Pre-emergence herbicidal activities of simazine, propyzamide, pendimethalin and asulam against Digitaria ciliaris L. and Poa annua L. under different soil conditions were determined by the pot tests in a glasshouse. The four herbicides tested were more active in the sterilized than in the nonsterilized soil. Simazine, propyamide and asulam showed stronger activities at 100% water-holding capacity than at 60 %, while pendimethalin was more effective at 60%. Dissipation of the four herbicides following applications to a turf field of Manilagrass (Zoysia matrella) was studied 1990 through 1991. In general, residues of the herbicides in soil decreased rather rapidly during the first two weeks after application and then dissipated gradually. In particular, more rapid decreases of the residues were observed for the plots applied in spring to early summer, whereas even 5 months after application 5-25 % of applied dosages were found in the plots applied in autumn. Among the herbicides tested, asulam was found to decrease most rapidly regardless to the application time. Consequently, dissipation of a herbicide in turf field appeared to be affected not only by physico-chemical characteristics of the herbicide but also by climatic conditions which influence biodegradation by promoting or delaying the growth of soil microorganisms, chemical degradation, vaporization, and photolysis.
日本芝草学会の論文