Studies on Hydrolytic Activity of Candida albicans on Keratin:Studies on the Changes of Amino Acids in Culture Filtrates of Various Nitrogen-containing media Inoculated with Candida albicans and the Parasitic Forms of Candida albicans
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The present studies were the first systematic attempts designed to elucidate amino acid components of culture filtrates obtained from various kinds of nitrogen-containing media which were inoculated with candida albicans. Amino acid components were determined by an auto amino acid analyzer.<BR>1) The amino acid component of candida albicans was of 17 kinds, namely lysine, histidine, arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine. Similar amino acid contents were obtained in the other candida group (i. e. candida krusei), several dermatophytes and escherichia coli.<BR>2) The human nail plate was composed of 17 kinds of amino acids including a large quantity of cystine. The highest per cent was glutamic acid whereas the lowest was histidine. Peptone as well as gelatin also contained 17 kinds of amino acids, but cystine was hardly detected.<BR>3) Five kinds of amino acids were detected in filtrates of NaNO<SUB>3</SUB> and NH<SUB>4</SUB>Cl media inoculated with candida albicans, while 7 kinds were in NH<SUB>4</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB> and no amino acid was detected in NaNO<SUB>2</SUB> medium. The growth of candida albicans was more remarkable in the NH<SUB>4</SUB>Cl and NH<SUB>4</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB> than in NaNO<SUB>3</SUB>. This finding suggested that the medium containing NH<SUB>4</SUB>Cl or NH<SUB>4</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB> is suitable for culturing candida albicans.<BR>4) Each medium containing one of 15 kinds of amino acids as a single nitrogen source was prepared either by adding or omitting glucose. Two to 8 kinds of amino acids were detected in glucose containing media inoculated with candida albicans while the media without glucose showed 3 to 12 kinds of amino acids. The kind or the quantity of detected amino acids in culture filtrates was not correlated to the ability of amino acid assimilation of candida albicans. However, the growth of candida albicans was more striking in each amino acid-glucose medium than in the other medium. A medium containing glucose and either one of proline, valine or isoleucine was the best for harvesting candida albicans.<BR>5) Candida albicans was inoculated in each medium containing 1% peptone or 1% gelatin as a single nitrogen source. The growth of candida albicans was more rapid in both glucose and non-glucose peptone medium than in the glucose-gelatin medium. Quantitative analysis of amino acids, amino-N and total protein obtained from peptone, peptone-glucose and gelatin-glucose media inoculated with candida albicans did not show significant changes, compared with the control.<BR>6) Candida albicans in 1%, 5% and 10% gelatin media failed to grow within 15 days after inoculation. The growth was much better in 10% medium than in 1% or 5% medium after 120 days.<BR>7) Glucose and/or urea was added into a unique medium composed of human nail. Filtrates of nail media inoculated with candida albicans contained 15 to 16 kinds of amino acids, including cystine but no proline. The growth of candida albicans was most favorable in the media with glucose or glucose-urea. However, the growth of candida albicans was not affected by the presence or the absence of urea in the medium.<BR>8) Light and electron microscopic examinations of nail plate inoculated with candida albicans revealed many pseudohyphae with numerous blastospores as well as true hyphae within the nail plate and on the surface of it.<BR>The above findings showed that candida albicans may have hydrolytic activity on keratin substances, and also would give some informations about the problems of amino acid metabolism in the skin as well as the mechanism of infection of cutaneous candidiasis caused by candida albicans.
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