Spawning behavior of the bridled triggerfish, Sufflamen fraenatus, in the aquarium.
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概要
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A pair of the bridled triggerfish, <I>Sufflamen fraenatus</I> (Latreille), was reared with other trig-gerfishes and surgeonfishes (69 individuals of 15 species) in an aquarium tank with a volume of 11 m<SUP>3</SUP> (4.3×1.6×1.6 m).The female about 23 cm in total length (TL) and the male about 35 cm TL purchased in October, 1978 were kept in the tank.Spawnings were observed from May through August, 1982.The water temperatures ranged 24.7-27.8°C.<BR>The female began to prepare three shallow cone-shaped hollows on the bottom during the day-time of May 27.The female selected a hollow as the nest, and enlarged it by 20 cm in diameter and 3 cm in depth.She took away coral fragments in the nest with her mouth.This behavior was obserbed before sunset of May 27, and started again at 4: 40 a.m.of May 28.During the prepara-tion of nest making, the male swam freely over the female, and she approached him and returned to the nest.After repeating this behavior, the male passed closer to the female, then she became situated in front of his snout and trembled her body.This courtship display of the female was repeated several times, and the male subsequently came to the nest following her.The male nuzzled and pushed her belly with his snout.As the female gradually settled on the bottom of the nest, the male came close to the female.Just after the male settled by her side, the eggs were spawned and fertilized.It took about one hour from the start of courtship to the end of spawning.After the spawning the male left the nest.The nest was protected by the female whose body color changed rapidly from pale brown with white blotches to uniformly blackish brown with a vertical white band on the caudal peduncle.The female circulated water over the eggs with her mouth and pectoral fins.<BR>The fertilized eggs, measuring about 0.6mm in diameter, were adhesive and spherical.They were deposited in a grey doughnut-like cluster.The newly hatched larvae with their yolk sac were about 1.6mm TL.In larvae three days after hatching, measuring about 2.1mm TL, the mouth and anus were open, and the yolk sac was hardly distinguishable.Four days after hatch-ing, the yolk sac was completely absorbed.
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