Light and Electron Microscopic Studies on Muscular Degeneration in Foals

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Light and electron microscopic studies were carried out on 6 foals with polymyodegeneration. The acute form of the disease was seen in all the animals 1 or 4 days old, except one which was 2 month old. Lesions were usually distributed, showing a bilateral symmetry. They were widespread in almost all the skeletal muscles. They were often most evident in the mighty muscles of the hindquarters.Light microscopically, typical hyaline degeneration, fragmentation and lysis of muscle fibers were seen in a wide variety of distribution. Calcification of necrotic muscle and interstitial reaction of histiocytes were seen in lesions of the advanced stage. Initial and advanced lesions were found simultaneously in the same muscle in the same case.Electron microscopically, muscle lesions consisted of disorganization of Z-bands, myofibrillar lysis, myofibrillar degeneration with condensation into hypercontration bands, swelling of mitochondria and disruption. They resulted from acute coagulative necrosis. In the advanced stage, macrophages were active in phagocytosis of tissue debris. The stage of regeneration was also seen as myoblastic proliferation, and myotubule formation followed by fibrillogenesis to restore contractile materials, As an etiological factor, selenium/vitamin E deficiency was discussed on a nutritional basis.
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