Ecological Characteristics of Paspalum conjugatum Berg. in Sown Grassland in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.
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概要
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Recently, the occurrence of degraded grasslands dominated by Paspalum conjugatum Berg., a tussock-prostrate type of perennial grass, has been increasing in Okinawa prefecture, Japan. P. conjugatum which grows well all the year round in this region is a harmful weed for domestic animals. For these reasons, integrated control of P. conjugatum must be carried out. However, the physiology, ecology and control of this weed remain poorly documented.P. conjugatum did not make a pure stand in grasslands (Table 1), but it was able to easily invade gaps (Fig. 1, 5). The gaps were often formed in grasslands for the following reasons: 1) death of sown grass such as Chloris gayana Kunth. by drought, 2) removal of the soil surface by sliding of mower or tramping of animals. 3) plant materials remaining after mowing. P. conjugatum firstly elongated stolons and occupied the gaps and then formed dense colonies (Fig. 3). Once P. conjugatum invades the sown grasslands consisting of C. gayana or Panicum maximum Jacq., its habitat can be secured. However, in grasslands dominated by Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schum.) Pilger. the growth of P. conjugatum was suppressed and appeared to be spindly (Fig. 2, 4). The plant height of C. plectostachyus was higher than that of P. conjugatum (Fig. 2). It is suggested that the introduction of a prostrate type of forage such as C. plectostachyus in grassland could be an effective measure for the control of P. conjugatum.
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