The Taxi Driver's behaviors and personality characteristics, particularly in relation to driving speeds
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概要
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Recently the automobile accidents have been markedly increasing in numbers and becoming one of the serious social problems. Some studies have made under the specffiic conditions on personal characteristics of the accidentprone taxi drivers who played important roles to solicit the traffic accidents. Based upon the driving records (Tachograph) in which the drivers behaviors during the driving were described in details, the author analysed the drivers behaviors to obtain some correlations between their behaviors and accident frequency, characteristics of the traffic accidents, the business results etc. and clarified the range of the safety driving as well as of the efficient businessdriving in taxi. The author examined also their personality significances, individual histories, the life backgrounds and their attitudes in the daily life and directly the drivers' behaviors during driving. Thus, some correlations were found between their personality characteristics and the driving behaviors.<BR>I) Materials and the method for the investigation<BR>During the period of March 1966 to April 1968, in a certain taxi company with 35 taxi cabs and 81 drivers in the urban district ofTokyo, 41 taxi drivers were chosen at random for the investigation and their tachographs were analysed for 6 moths long respectively. They were further processed to the examinations in the author'sclinic.<BR>(1) The method for the analysis of the driving by the tachograph<BR>The recording paper was run by the short hand of the clock synchronously and recorded (a) the time of driving and the speed (b) time of the parking (c) driving distance (d) informations of the change of the drivers (e) if the car was occupied or not, also in connection with the time course etc. In the analysis, the speed itself, the range of the fluctuations of the speeds, also in connection with the time course were examined. The standard speed was set at 60 km per hour. The classification of tachographs was made first grossly and then the driving speeds were checked up at every 5 minutes interval to obtain the average speed in each case and the standard deviations were counted. In every group of them x2 was calculated and as a result statistically significant differences were observed among the groups<BR>(2) The method to investigate the drivers' personality characteristics<BR>In the author's clinic all of the selected drivers as ever mentioned were examined with EEG, interviewing, Rorschachtest, MBTI (Myers Briggs Type Indicator) and TPI (Todai Personality Inventory) in the same order and same manner. On the other hand, in each driver the number of the traffic accidents, the characteristics of the accidents and the business results were examined in reference to the records maintained at the taxi company.In 19 cases the author took a ride on the taxi cab, aside the driver, from the time of the first departure from the office to the return to investigate the drivers' behaviors and also examined the behaviors of other drivers at rest in the office.<BR>II) Results<BR>(1) According to the driving speeds and the ranges of the fluctuations the taxi drivers were classified as follows: the stable group composed of 16 drivers of whose driving speeds did notexceed 60 km per hour and the fluctuations of the speeds were in a small range ; the unstable group of 22 drivers of whose driving speeds were very changeable, fluctuating in a larger range ; one person belonging to themiddle group of whose criteria were sometimes in the stable and sometimes in the unstable groups; two persons belonging to the high speed stable group of whose speeds were high but less changeable.<BR>(2) The business results of the drivers in the stable group were better than ofthose in the unstable group and the traffic accidents frequencies, particularly at the drivers' fault, were apparently less in the former group than in the latter.
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