STUDIES ON IMMUNITY OF SMALLPOX REVACCINATION:2. LOCAL REACTION AND CHANGES IN SERUM ANTIBODY LEVEL FOLLOWING SMALLPOX REVACCINATION
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概要
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1. In order to investigate serologically the immunity following smallpox revaccination, titration of hemagglutinating, complement fixing, and neutralizing antibodies in sera before and after revaccination was done in 299 persons.2. Hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies (H. I. A.) were scarecely detectable in the sera before revaccination. They appeared or began to increase 10 to 14 days after revaccination, reached their highest titres in two to four weeks thereafter, and then began to decrease and finally almost disappeared in about half an year. The maximum titres were much lower than those observed in smallpox patients.3. Complement fixing antibodies (C. F. A.) were also hardly detectable before revaccination, but after revaccination they appeared earlier than H. I. A. Usually they were demonstrable as early as 7 days after revaccination. Thereafter they showed almost the same relations as H. I. A. A crude antigen prepared from chorioallantoic membranes of chick embryos infected with vaccinia virus was found to be most satisfactory for complement fixation test.4. No definitive relation was found between neutralizing antibody level before revaccination and local reactions after revaccination. As generally accepted, an increase in circulating neutralizing antibodies was observed in cases with successful response. In "failed" cases, further observations would be necessary thereof.5. H. I. A., C. F. A. and neutralizing antibodies appeared or increased in most of "taken" cases, but not in "failed" cases. This fact would indicate that immunity does not increase when revaccination fails to respond.6. The observations made of serum antibody level before and after revaccination suggested that misjudges might be possible in the clinical diagnosis of the local reactions caused by smallpox revaccination. Epidemiologically it is a serious problem to check cases as successful which have actually acquired no sufficient immunity after revaccination. Therefore, serological examination is recommendable in the study of immunity in case of smallpox revaccination.
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