Control of nematodes by granular nematicides. The application methods of the gas diffusion type granular nematicides.:The Application Methods of the Gas Diffusion Type Granular Nematicides
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概要
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The purpose of this study is to establish the best method for applying granular nematicides to control nematodes. Four common methods of applying granular nematicides into the soil (the reader may refer to table 1) were adopted for the upland field to find out the best way to apply. The results were as follows:1) As it is desirable for the soil clods to be smaller than 10mm diam. to improve the efficiency, the application methods II and IV were necessary to pulverize the soil more.2) Though the moisture of the subsoil (15-40cm depth) was increased by the rainfall, that of the topsoil (0-5cm depth) was always constant and there was almost no recognizable difference of the water retentivity among the methods I-IV.3) There were some differences of the bulk density in the upper layer soil (0-20cm) depending on the methods till a week after applying, but after a month, there was no difference among the methods II-IV. It became clear that the effect of the nematodes control was influenced significantly by the soil condition just after applying nematicide.4) The peak of the nematodes vertical distribution in the soil agreed with the application depth 15-20cm of granular nematicide on using the methods II-IV. It was proved that it was very important to obtain a close agreement between the vertical distribution of the nematodes and the nematicide on using the gas diffusion type nematicides.5) The decrease rate of nematodes was from -7% (the application method I) to -17.5% (the method IV) at a week after applying granular nematicide, and it became clear that the nematicides which have a low vapor pressure were unable to control the nematodes in an early stage.6) The nematodes density of the test field of the method IV was 2-3 times as many as the other one, but that of the method IV decreased slowly and certainly from -17.5% to -30%, and then to -46.8% for two months. The method IV seemed to be an effectual method for the gas diffusion type of the granular nematicides.7) As the results of comparing the efficiencies of the four application methods at a month and two months after applying granular nematicide, the duration of the effect of the method IV was longer than the other methods and valued high entirely.8) The ratio accounting for the application times of the applications methods II-IV were 35-65% of total work time. It was considered that the improvement of the granular applicator based on the physical properties of granular nematicides was needed to improve the work efficiency.9) Though the effect of the method IV was better than the other ones, the work efficiency of this method was very much lower. This was because in the application method IV, the tilling process, the ditching process, the applying process, the covering process and the pressing process were independent of each other. It is necessary to unify those independent processes into one working process for improving work efficiency.
- 日本農作業学会の論文
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