Inhibition by Carotenoids and Retinoic Acid of Osteoclast-Like Cell Formation Induced by Bone-Resorbing Agents In Vitro.

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The effects of carotenoids and retinoid on osteoclast formation in a co-culture of mouse bone-marrow cells and primary osteoblastic cells were examined. Carotenoids, such as β-carotene, canthaxanthin, and lycopene, inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive, multinuclear osteoclast-like cells induced by either 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, interleukin-1β, or parathyroid hormone in a concentration range from 100nM to 5μM. However, the carotenoids did not affect the osteoclast-like cell formation in the absence of bone-resorbing agents or the release of 45Ca from prelabeled fetal mouse calvaria at physiological concentrations. Retinoic acid (1nM-1μM) also suppressed osteoclast-like cell formation induced by the bone-resorbing agents described above. It was apparent that carotenoids and retinoic acid affected the proliferation and differentiation stage of osteoclast progenitor cells from the results of temporal addition of these compounds to the co-culture systems. These results suggest that a physiological concentration of carotenoids induces positive bone turnover by inhibiting osteoclast formation.
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