Influences of Early Rearing Environment on HEBB-WILLIAMS Maze Learning in the Rat : A Comparison among Group/Imposed Rich Stimulation, Group/Poor Stimulation, and Isolation/Poor Stimulation
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Male and female DA rats were reared, from weaning until 55 days of age, under three different conditions. Each Rat of Group I/P was reared in isolation in a small aluminium cage which was placed in the environment with impoverished stimulation. Rats of Group G/P were reared together in a single large mesh cage placed in the same environment as that for Group I/P. Rats of Group G/R were also raised together in a large mesh cage, but the cage was placed in the sensorily enriched environment. In this study, the enriched environment was consisted of a variety of "imposed extraneous stimulations" generated by music, a buzzer, a flashing light, and the cage vibration rather than of toys or the like manipulanda as used conventionally. These stimuli were given in randam sequence with irregular intervals within a day.<BR>Experiment 1 was conducted to test the effects of these three post-weaning rearing conditions on the open-field behavior and Hebb-Williams maze learning. The results may be summarized as follows : (1) On the Hebb-Williams maze test, both groups of I/P and G/R made more errors than Group G/P (Fig. 1). (2) On the open-field test, Group I/P was slower in leaving the start box into the open-field (Table 1), and defecated more than the other two groups (Table 2). (3) Group I/P exhibited relatively less locomotion and rearing behaviors on the open-field test given prior to Hebb-Williams test, but following their experience with the Hebb-Williams test those behaviors increased (Tables 3 and 4). (4) Group G/P, on the open-field test following the Hebb-Williams test, showed less locomotion and rearing behaviors between Days 2 and 3, while Group G/R maintained a high frequency of these behaviors throughout the open-field test (Tables 3 and 4).<BR>Experiment 2 employed the same rats used in Exp. 1 and examined the effect of the three rearing conditions on appetitive conditioning with a 10-sec magazine light as a CS. The notable result was that rats of Group I/P showed a greater hasty response in the early trials (Table 5).<BR>It was concluded that the Hebb-Williams errors seem to reflect differences in exploratory behavior among groups. The higher level of exploration shown by Groups G/R and I/P may be due to a greater discrepancy between stimulations of testing situation and their adaptation levels developed during differential rearings. In addition, it appears that a relatively high emotionality also contributes to high level of exploration by Group I/P.
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