Analysis of "Color-Form Cue Problem" in Japanese Monkey (<I>Macaca fuscata yakui</I>). II:Matching to Sample Problem
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概要
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This experiment was designed to test the relative efficiency of color and form as cue with which Japanes monkeys can learn matching to sample problems.<BR>In the training periods, 4 Japanese monkeys were trained on simple matching to sample problems using stimuli shown in Fig. 1 (O) with a modified WGTA. A correction method was used. After criterion (more than 80% correct responses, 2 successive days) had been attained, monkeys were subjected to color-form cue dominance test.<BR>In the test periods, each subject received 96 trials a day for 5 days. A test trial was inserted every 4th trial. On a test trial, an ambiguous stimulus was presented as a sample and it yielded two separate solutions arrived at by using two independent cue dimensions. For example, a sample object might be a red ball and choice objects might be a red ball and blue green cross on an original training trial, then the red ball as a sample was changed to a blue green ball, or two choice objects to a blue green ball and a red cross. A food reward would be obtained either by a color response or by a form response (blue green cross or red ball in the former case).<BR>The learning processes of the animals on matching to sample problems are illustrated in Fig. 2. The results of testing (Table 1) did not show the color dominance found by YAGI <I>et al</I>. (7) on ambiguous oddity problems. It was assumed that this discrepancy was due to the procedural differences in oddity problems and matching to sample problems. In matching, a trial is split into two phases : sampling and choice. And touching the sample objects during sampling may increase the tendency to use form cues.<BR>Based on this assumption, the same test was executed with all the stimuli being covered with transparent plastic covers not to allow the animals to touch the objects directly. The data (Fig. 5, Table 2) showed the color dominance and confirmed our assumption.<BR>Subsequently, monkeys were given simple matching to sample problems which consist of the possible combinations of unidimensional stimuli shown in Fig. 3 with and without plastic covers. In these test, the transfer effect from the previous matching to sample problems was observed (Fig. 6).
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