Quantitative relations between concentration of solids in suspension and the transparency or the turbidity of waters-An experimental investigation and its application to the water of Lake Suwa (Materials for the limnology of Lake Suwa, V)
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1. Quantitative relations were examined experimentally between the concentration, size and specific gravity of various kinds of solids in suspension and the transparency or turbidity of water measured by three procedures, i. e. transparency a by means of Secchi's disk (in meter), transparency b obtained from the limit of visibility of small pica from inside bottom of a glass cylinder (in centimeter), and turbidity c measured by the concentration of fine kaolin in water which produces an equivalent capacity for absorbing or scattering light (in ppm).<BR>Simplified formulas were constructed to find out a rough estimate of the amount of suspended particles in water from each value of the transparency or turbidity, the interrelation of which were likewise determined mathematically.<BR>The recent conspicuous increase in cloudiness of the lake water of Suwa in relation to the prosperous occurence of phytoplanktons and the remarkable floating of bottom mud was treated quantitatively in the light of the results of the present discussion.<BR>X Y constants amount of suspended solid turbidity c transparency b transparency a a>0 b<0<BR>turbidity c trnasparency a a>0 b<0<BR>transparency b transparency aa>0 b<0<BR>2. The following equation was established between the values of transparency, turbidity and the quantity of suspended matters : <BR>Y=aXb<BR>The interrelations were put down in the accompanying table.<BR>Since all the equational relationships between each item is very close, the values of X is to be calculated with fair exactness from those, of Y.<BR>3. It was proved that it is better to measure transparency b than turbidity c in order to estimate roughly the amount of suspended particles unknown in their nature contained in turbid water.<BR>4. The hyperbolic equations established experimentally are also valid for the quantities of suspended matters consisting of phytoplanktons and floating mud in relation to the transparency or turbidity a, b, c of the lake water of Suwa. The decrease in values of transparency a and b will be too slight to be detectable, even supposing that the concentrations of suspended solids in the lake water go beyond 30-40 ppm for transparency a or 50-100 ppm for transparency b.
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