GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HOURLY TYPHOON RAINFALL AND RADAR ECHOES IN KANTO PLAIN, EASTERN JAPAN:FORMATION OF OROGRAPHIC RAIN-BANDS
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Typhoon Virginia (No. 6011) hit the western Japan on August 10-12, 1960 (Fig. 1) and brought a heavy -rainfall of more than 200mm to the Kanto area, 500km away from the central trajectory of the typhoon. On this occasion, we made composite 48 hourly-rainfall maps of the period based on the data of 372 stations in the area of 45, 000 km2 and checked them with radar echoes which were taken by two radars in Tokyo. 100 km range of the radars could cover almost all area. The coincidence of their distribution patterns were good. 1) Up to 2000 hour of August 10, scattered thunderstorm rains are observed in the northeastern parts of the plain and moderate rains of about 10mm/hr are reported from the southern mountaneous region. The real typhoon rain started at about midnight. 2) The typical distribution characteristics of this typhoon rain and the radar echoes are the existence of the three rain-bands stretching from the south to the north across the central part of the plain. 3) At the very south ends of the rain-bands, there are high mountain blocks closely located to the coast. In other words, the rain-bands stretch behind the leeside of these mountain obstacles along the strong prevailing southerly wind; the one is located at Boso peninsula east of Tokyo, the second one, the most remarkable of all, is situated at the central part of the plain behind the Izu and Hakone mountains and the last one is running in parallel to the second one at the westernmost part. 4) The rain-bands exist successively more than 15 hours (0900-2300 of Aug. 11) almost at the same locations. This depends mainly on the persistence of the prevailing southerly wind for the period converging into the center of the typhoon. 5) The formation of these rain-bands seems to be of orographic origin, judging from their distribution patterns and far-away locations from the center of the typhoon. There are no positive evidence to conclude them as structural origin of the typhoon. 6) Hourly locations and intensities of rain-bands and radar echoes seem to be influenced by the strength and direction of the prevailing wind during the period. 7) These rain-bands end at the central backbone mountain ranges of Japan and there are very little rains on the Japan Sea side area, the leeside of the prevailing southerly winds. Therefore, we may say that in a broad sense or in macro-scale viewpoint, this typhoon rain might be classified into orographic one. However, in meso-scale viewpoint the distribution patterns are fairly different. Three rainy belts running across the plain are distinguished. These are orographic rain-bands.
- The Association of Japanese Geographersの論文
The Association of Japanese Geographers | 論文
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