JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL REGIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PART-TIME FARM HOUSEHOLDS
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概要
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Japanese farms are operated mostly by farm households. Because the majority of the farms are very small in size, some of the members of the farm households must engage in businesses or jobs other than their own farming. Such households are called part-time farm households and comprise about 65 per cent of all farm households in Japan. Areal difference in the rate of part-tims farms to all farms by Nogyo Chiiki1) are shown in Fig. I. The areal difference depends on conditions which are both internal and external to the farm operations Because opportunities for outside employments which bring high income are still limited even near industrial or urban areas, and because farm households must depend upon farming for their stable living, internal conditions are decisive for the areal difference. The writer (I) analyses the internal conditions of the farm households (II) synthesizes them to delimit agricultural regions and (III) points out problems of farm house hold economy on the basis of these agriculural regions I. The percentage of part-time farm households is said to differ from area to area in accordance with the average farm size. The writer, however, finds that agricultural gross income and working hours on the farm per farm household have closer relationships. The correlation coefficients of the rate with these three conditions of the farm are -0.58, -0.65 and -0.73 respectively. Thus, the writer comes to the conclusion that working hours in agriculture per hectare (agricultural labour capacity) and their productivity in an area are important factors as well as the average farm size. II. Synthesizing these three factors, the writer delimits agricultural regions in Japan. Combining agricultural labor capacity and labor productivity, four types of regions are classified.These are as follows; A. Regions of small labor capacity, with low labor productivity (Millet producing areas in Kitakami and Chubu mountain districts) B. Regions of small labor capacity, with high labor productivity (Single-crop rice areas in Tohoku and Kokuriku districts, Areas of upland field crops in Hokkaido) C. Regions of large labor capacity, with low labor productivity (Two-crop areas, e. g., areas of sweet potato, paddy or upland rice as summer crops; wheat or barley as winter crops. Tobacco areas. Areas of sericulture) D. Regions of large labor productivity, with high labor productivity (Fruit and vegetable areas). Memders of farm households tend to engage in outside businesses or jobs more from class D to class A, if the farm size is the same each other. Each of these four types of regions is further subdivided on the basis of four grades of averagefarm size, that is, I - IV (I<0.59ha, II 0.60_??_0.79ha. III 0.80_??_0.99 ha, IV>1.00ha) in Fig. 11.Farm household members tend to engage in outside businesses or jobs more from class IV to class I. Of 16 possible types of Agricultural Regions thus classified, 2 types do not exist in reality. The distribution of the actual 14 agricultural regions is shown in Fig. 11 a. III. The rate of part-time farm households to all farm households differs from area to area mainly in accordance with the distribution of these Agricultural Regions. Since high income from outside businesses or jobs are confined mainly to areas around industrial or urban centers, the distribution of major urban centers is also shown in Fig. 11 b. From these two maps, Fig. 11 a and b, problems of farm household economy in Japan are pointed out on a regional basis as follows: 1. Type "A" regions. Agricultural income per farm household is lowest, regardless of farm size. Despite least favorable conditions for outside businesses or jobs, the percntage of part-time farm households to all farm households is at the highest level. And the total income per farm household is the lowest. 2. Type "B" regions. Agricultural income belongs to the highest class.
- The Association of Japanese Geographersの論文
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