The Location of Single Industry and its Regional Effects:A Case Study in Kurobe City
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概要
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1. A small city named Kurobe newly born in April 1954 with the population of 32, 200 and 89.28km2. is lying 30km north east to Toyama City, one of the principal cities on the central part of Honshu facing the Japan Sea. The new city induced strongly the attraction of manufacturing industry, because the industrial stucture of the city was characterized by the superiority of primary industry. Namely, at that time most of the inhabitants found agriculture as their means of living. The number of the population of the primary industry was 65.8% of all industrial population in 1950. Thus Krobe succeeded in attracting three kinds of factories to the city. They were zinc-refining, salt-making and slide-fastner-making factories. The aim of this study is to classify the process of locational selection of the slide-fastner-making factory named Yoshida Kogyo and some economic effects of that location on Kurobe. TheYoshida Kogyo in Kurobe is the largest factory which monopolizes 85-90% of fastner products in Japan. The writers analysed the following three problems in this study. 1) The reason why the Yoshida Kogyo is located at Kurobe which is neither the material source nor the consuming market in spite of the fact fastner production has market-orientation. 2) Some problems of internal economy which have overcome non-economic factors originated from the location in this city. 3) Some economic effects on this region. 2. Concerning the first problem, there are no locational factors which are generally pointed out by the location theory and no geographical conditions suitable to attract this factory. The main reason which attracted this factory here is in the fact that the industrial land (92, 200m2) required for the future enlargement of this factory was offered by the city authorities. As the Yoshida Kogyo evacuated to Uozu City (adjacent city to Kurobe) from Tokyo during World War II; after the end of the War the management endeavored to go back to Tokyo, butte relocation could not realize by the Jack of in dustrial land in Tokyo. Moreover, owing to economic and political causes it failed to get the industrial land for enlargement even at Uozu City. Out of the necessity the Yoshida Kogyo relocated the factory at Kurobe. Observing from the view point of location theory, Kurobe is located outside the location figure indicated by A. Weber. Owing to that circumstance, the Yoshida Kogyo faced the problem to overcome the disadvansages of external economy based on the location at Kurobe. This problem was solved by promoting rationalization of internal economy. The only way for rationalization of internal economy is to adopt a continuous operation (smelting and rolling of metal, cotton-spinning and dyeing of tape, and assembling of parts into a complete slide fastner). The rational continuous operation accompanied with the mechanization and enlargement realized decrease of productive cost and increased the domestic demand strengthened the competitive power of international trade. 3. The main locational effects of the Yoshida Kogyo on this region are divided into the following three points: 1) productive effect 2) employment effect and 3) financial effect. The productive effect was about one billion yen in 1957. This figure is the net effect deduced from the added value of the Yoshida Kogyo the added agricultural value which would have been realized if agricultural land had not been lost. The employment effect was indicated by the fact that 30% of the net increase of workers was the inhabitants of this city. But it should be noted that the analysis of employment effect must be considered qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The amount of input paid by the city authorities in order to consolidate the locational conditions (purchase of agricultural land and construction of road) was 56, 866, 080 yen, while the tax to the Yoshida Kogyo from 1954 to 1958 was 46, 381, 490 yen.
- The Association of Japanese Geographersの論文
The Association of Japanese Geographers | 論文
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