Ecology and Breeding Biology of the Hazel Grouse Tetrastes bonasia in Captivity:2. Home range, circadian rhythm and roosting behavior in winter in eastern Hokkaido

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1) The winter habitat and behavior of the Hazel Grouse Tetrastes bonasia were studied at the Kyoto University Experimental Forest at Shibecha, Kushiro District, eastern Hokkaido, and in captivity between a period from February until May 1984.2) The study area (ca. 27 ha) consisted chiefly of larch plantations. The Hazel Grouse preferred areas with birches, in winter.3) A pursuit of a pair revealed that they ate mainly the buds of Betula platyphylla and Alnus japonica in trees in the morning and evening, but foraged on vegetable matter (e.g. the buds of Acer mono and Salix integra) on the ground or on the snow during the daytime. At night they went to roost in snow holes.4) Observations of the winter behavior of males and females in captivity suggest that pairs are formed during February and March.5) Three home ranges were found in the study area in late February and early March. Home range A was occupied by a pair and had a size of ca. 11.5 ha. Home range B (ca. 1.3 ha) and C (ca. 2.5 ha) were occupied by a male and a female, respectively. These home ranges decreased the size to ca. 7.8 ha (home range A) or increased to ca. 5.3 ha (home range B) on late March due probably to the establishment of territories, while the female of home range C disappeared from the study area.6) The circadian rhythm of birds in captivity was similar to that observed in the wild state.
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