Origin of Jicho _??__??_, Uneme _??__??_ and Mecho _??__??_
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概要
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In the <I>Ritsuryo</I> period when codes of laws named <I>Ritsu</I> and <I>Ryo</I> were in force, there were three kinds of servitude at the central Government of Japan. They were called <I>Jicho, Uneme</I> and <I>Mecho</I>. The people were obligated to work in the employ of the Central Government agencies. <I>Jicho, Uneme</I> and <I>Mecho</I> were mentioned already in the historical records of the time of Emperor <I>Nintoku</I> and Emperor <I>Yuryaku</I> (313-479 A. D.). In China, it was the time of East <I>Chin</I> and <I>Sung</I> (one of the southern dynasties). Namely, the reigns of these Emperors preceded the <I>T'ang dynsty</I> of China by 160 to 200 years. Some servitudes similar to <I>Jicho, Uneme</I> and Mecho are described in <I>Chou-li</I> _??__??_ and the same servitudes existed also under the reign of <I>Ch'in</I> _??_ <I>Han</I> _??_ and other dynasties before <I>T'ang</I>. Therefore, it is concluded that Japan learned from China the form of servitudes described above before the reception of the <I>T'ang</I> culture.
- 法制史学会の論文
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