Clay mineral separation by use of SPT heavy liquid:Application to a study of mineral assemblages in alternation zone associated with unconformity-related uranium deposits
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Altered rocks associated with unconformity-related uranium deposits are composed of several kinds of clay minerals. In order to clarify detailed composition-paragenesis relationship, we applied heavy liquid separation using SPT (sodium polytungustate) solution, which specific gravity is controlable by dilution with water. Studied clay minerals are illite, sericite, sudoite, kaolinite and alkali-free dravite.<BR>Initial separation test using pilot samples confirmed enrichment of objective clay minerals; however, extraction, of pure single phase was not successful due to the following reasons; (a) intergrowth of clay minerals, (b) coagulation of particles in SPT solution, (c) contamination of very-fine-grained particles in process of extraction of separated grains, and (d) bubbles on the surface of grains. It has been found through several separation tests that these technical obstructions can be minimized except for intergrowth of clay minerals which appear even in very-fine-grained particles, and a practical process of heavy liquid separation for clay minerals has been established. The points of the improvement are; (1) to keep the concentraion of sample grains within SPT solution low in order to prevent coagulation of grains in SPT solution, (2) to repeat hydraulic elutriation process for grain size separation several times, and also, to repeat the process of extraction of separated grains from SPT solution several times in order to decrease contamination of very-fine-grained particles, and (3) to extract the bubbles on grains in the heavy liquid by decompression.<BR>Mineral assemblages of separeted grains have been studied by microscopic observation, measurement of refrac-tive index using the thermal immersion method, and X-ray diffraction. It has been recognized that these methods are useful for identification of minerals that occur in minor amounts, and for distinguishing a certain kind of clay mineral from the others.
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