Benthonic animal types of the dammed lakes in Japan
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概要
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Forty-five dammed lakes have been investigated during the years 1972-1973, regarding particularly the animals inhabiting the bottom of them. Those lakes cover most of the representative dammed lakes constructed for various purposes in Japan. (Table 1). The vertical distributions of water temperature and oxygen amount dissolved in water are shown in Figs. 1-6. The oxygen curves, especially the hypolimnetic declines, as well as the indicatory species of phytoplankton were suggestive to the writer to establish a classification of the lakes in question on the basis of their benthonic animals. <BR>Regarding the bottom-inhabiting animal taxa, the Oligochaeta and the Chironomidae (larvae) were the main components in most lakes, except a few lakes in which <I>Asellus</I> and <I>Gammarus</I> (both Crustacea) occurred. <BR>In the lakes of the oligotrophic type, in which the quantities of hypolimnetic oxygen were enough to support benthonic animals, two subtypes can be distinguishable : the <I>Tubifex</I> sp. I. type and the <I>Endochironomus</I> type. <BR>The lakes of the eutrophic type can be divided into the four subtypes, i. e., the <I>Tubifex</I> sp. II. type, <I>Chironomus plumosus</I> type, <I>Chironomus plumosus-Tubifex</I> sp. III. type, and the <I>Chironomus plumosus-Chaoborus</I> type. In most of such lakes dissolved oxygen in the hypolimnion entirely disappeared in mid-summer. Among the lakes of the latter three subtypes, all of which are characterized by the occurrence of <I>Chironomus plumosus</I>, eutrophication is progressing in various stages as the following order : <BR><I>Chironomus plumosus</I> type→<I>Ch. plumosus-Tubifex</I> sp. III. type→<I>Ch. plumosus-Chaoborus</I> type.
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